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Once a byword for the most distant place imaginable, it is today a dusty market town in central Mali, just north of the Niger River, nowadays within the desert, although formerly it was the terminus to trans-Sahel trade routes at the edge of the wastes.
Ruler Name | Start Year | End Year | Notes | Dynasty | Kingdom |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
To Mali | c. 1275 | c. 1330 | Timbuktu | ||
To Mossi Empire | c. 1330 | c. 1340 | Timbuktu | ||
To Mali | c. 1340 | 1433 | Timbuktu | ||
To the Tuareg | 1433 | 1468 | Timbuktu | ||
To Songhai | 1468 | 1589 | Timbuktu | ||
To Morocco | 1589 | 1670 | Timbuktu | ||
Judar | 1589 | 1591 | Timbuktu | ||
Mahmud | 1591 | 1595 | Timbuktu | ||
al-Mansur | 1595 | 1598 | Timbuktu | ||
Mahmud Taba' | 1598 | 1599 | Timbuktu | ||
Ammar al-Fita | 1599 | 1600 | Timbuktu | ||
Sulaiman | 1600 | 1604 | Timbuktu | ||
Mahmud Longo | 1604 | 1612 | Timbuktu | ||
Ali | 1612 | 1617 | Timbuktu | ||
Ahmad al-'Ilji | 1617 | 1617 | Timbuktu | ||
Haddu al-Ajnasi | 1617 | 1618 | Timbuktu | ||
Mohammed al-Massi | 1618 | 1622 | Timbuktu | ||
Yusuf al-Qasri | 1622 | 1627 | Timbuktu | ||
Ibrahim al-Jarrari | 1627 | 1628 | Timbuktu | ||
Ali al-Qadir | 1628 | 1632 | Timbuktu | ||
Ali al-Massi | 1632 | 1632 | Timbuktu | ||
Sa'ud 'Ajrud al-Sharqi | 1632 | 1634 | Timbuktu | ||
Abd al-Rahman | 1634 | 1635 | Timbuktu | ||
Sa'id al-Mahmudi | 1635 | 1637 | Timbuktu | ||
Mas'ud al-Za'ari | 1637 | 1643 | Timbuktu | ||
Mohammed | 1643 | 1647 | Timbuktu | ||
Ahmad al-Tilimsani | 1647 | 1648 | Timbuktu | ||
Hamid al-Haiyuni | 1648 | 1648 | Timbuktu | ||
Yahya al-Gharnati | 1648 | 1651 | Timbuktu | ||
Hammadi al-Ajnasi | 1651 | 1654 | Timbuktu | ||
Muhammad ibn Musa | 1654 | 1655 | Timbuktu | ||
Muhammad al-Shiadami | 1655 | 1657 | Timbuktu | ||
Muhammad al-Shatuki Qa'id Buya | 1657 | 1660 | Timbuktu | ||
Allal al-Harusi | 1660 | 1660 | 1 day. | Timbuktu | |
al-Haj al-Mukhtar | 1660 | 1661 | Timbuktu | ||
Hammu al-'Ilji | 1661 | 1661 | Timbuktu | ||
Ali al-Faraji | 1661 | 1662 | Timbuktu | ||
Ali al-Tazarkini | 1662 | 1663 | Timbuktu | ||
Ammar 'Ajrud al-Sharqi | 1663 | 1666 | Timbuktu | ||
Muhammad al-Shatuki Qa'id Buya | r. 1666 | 1667 | Timbuktu | ||
Nasir al-A'mashi al-Dar'i | 1667 | 1667 | Timbuktu | ||
Abd al-Rahman al-Andalusi | 1667 | 1668 | Timbuktu | ||
Nasir al-Tilimsani | 1668 | 1670 | Timbuktu | ||
To Ségou | 1670 | 1787 | Timbuktu | ||
Mohammed al-Kuihil al-Sharqi | 1670 | 1672 | Timbuktu | ||
Mohammed al-Mubarak al-Dar'i | 1672 | 1673 | Timbuktu | ||
Ali al-Dar'i I | 1673 | 1676 | Timbuktu | ||
Sa'id al-Fasi | 1676 | 1679 | Timbuktu | ||
Abdallah al-Dar'i | 1679 | 1680 | Timbuktu | ||
Dhu'l-Nun al-Mukhtar al-Sharqi | 1680 | 1681 | Timbuktu | ||
Mohammed al-'Ilji | 1681 | 1681 | Timbuktu | ||
Yahya al-Mubarak al-Dar'i | 1681 | 1682 | Timbuktu | ||
Dhu'l-Nun al-Mukhtar al-Sharqi | r. 1682 | 1682 | Timbuktu | ||
Mohammed al-Mubarak al-Dar'i | r. 1682 | 1682 | Timbuktu | ||
Ba-Haddu Salim al-Hassani | 1682 | 1682 | Timbuktu | ||
al-Fa' Benkano al-Sharqi al-Mudasani | 1682 | 1682 | 3 days. | Timbuktu | |
Zenka 'Abd al-Rahman al-Fasi | 1682 | 1684 | Timbuktu | ||
Mohammed al-'Ilji | r. 1684 | 1684 | Timbuktu | ||
Ali al-'Amri | 1684 | 1685 | Timbuktu | ||
al-Mubarak al-Za'ari | 1685 | 1686 | Timbuktu | ||
Sa'ud Bokarna | 1686 | 1686 | Timbuktu | ||
al-Hassan al-Munabbih | 1686 | 1687 | Timbuktu | ||
al-'Abbas al-'Amri | 1688 | 1688 | Timbuktu | ||
al-Mansur al-Za'ari Sanibar | 1688 | 1689 | Timbuktu | ||
Ahmad al-Tazarkini | 1689 | 1690 | Timbuktu | ||
Sa'ud Bokarna | r. 1690 | 1691 | Timbuktu | ||
Sanibar Buya | 1691 | 1691 | Timbuktu | ||
Ibrahim al-Dar'i | 1691 | 1693 | Timbuktu | ||
Baba Sayyid Hammadi al-Sharqi | 1693 | 1693 | Timbuktu | ||
al-Mubarak al-Za'ari | r. 1693 | 1694 | Timbuktu | ||
Ibrahim al-Dar'i | r. 1694 | 1694 | Timbuktu | ||
Dhu'l-Nun al-Mukhtar al-Sharqi | rr. 1694 | 1694 | Timbuktu | ||
Ahmad al-Khalifa al-Tilimsani | 1694 | 1695 | Timbuktu | ||
Sanibar Buya | r. 1695 | 1696 | Timbuktu | ||
Abdallah al-A'mashi al-Dar'i | 1696 | 1696 | Timbuktu | ||
Hammadi al-Tazarkini | 1696 | 1697 | Timbuktu | ||
al-Mubarak al-Dar'i | 1697 | 1697 | Timbuktu | ||
Mohammed al-Sharqi al-Sana'uni | 1697 | 1697 | 1 day. | Timbuktu | |
Ali al-Dar'i II | 1697 | 1698 | Timbuktu | ||
Yahya al-Fishtani | 1698 | 1698 | Timbuktu | ||
Abdallah al-Tilimsani | 1698 | 1698 | Timbuktu | ||
al-Mansur al-Za'ari Sanibar | r. 1698 | 1700 | Timbuktu | ||
Hammadi al-Tazarkini | r. 1700 | 1701 | Timbuktu | ||
Abdallah al-Tilimsani | r. 1701 | 1701 | Timbuktu | ||
Yusuf al-Dar'i | 1701 | 1702 | Timbuktu | ||
Mohammed al-Fasi | 1702 | 1703 | Timbuktu | ||
Ahmad al-Sharqi | 1703 | 1703 | Timbuktu | ||
Ali al-Dar'i III | 1703 | 1703 | Timbuktu | ||
Santa'a al-Fasi | 1703 | 1704 | Timbuktu | ||
Mami al-Tazarkini | 1704 | 1704 | Timbuktu | ||
Mohammed ibn Sa'id | 1704 | 1705 | Timbuktu | ||
Yahya Fishtani | r. 1705 | 1705 | Timbuktu | ||
Abdallah al-Tilimsani | rr. 1705 | 1705 | Timbuktu | ||
Sa'id al-Khabbazi | 1705 | 1705 | Timbuktu | ||
Mami al-Tazarkini | r. 1705 | 1707 | Timbuktu | ||
al-Mubarak al-Gharnati | 1707 | 1707 | Timbuktu | ||
Nasir al-A'mashi al-Dar'i | r. 1707 | 1708 | Timbuktu | ||
Abdallah al-Tilimsani | rrr. 1708 | 1708 | Timbuktu | ||
Ali al-Munabbih | 1708 | 1709 | Timbuktu | ||
Mohammed al-Tazarkani I | 1709 | 1709 | Timbuktu | ||
Hammadi Zenko | 1709 | 1710 | Timbuktu | ||
Yahya Fishtani | rr. 1710 | 1710 | Timbuktu | ||
Yahya al-Dar'i | 1710 | 1711 | Timbuktu | ||
Ba-Bakr ibn Mohammed Sayyidi | 1711 | 1712 | Timbuktu | ||
Abd al-Qadir al-Tazarkani | 1712 | 1713 | Timbuktu | ||
Abdallah al-Tilimsani | rrrr. 1713 | 1713 | Timbuktu | ||
Ali al-Dar'i IV | 1713 | 1713 | Timbuktu | ||
al-Mansur al-Za'ari Sanibar | rr. 1713 | 1714 | Timbuktu | ||
Mami al-Tazarkini | rr. 1714 | 1714 | Timbuktu | ||
Ali al-Munabbih | r. 1714 | 1714 | Timbuktu | ||
Abdallah al-'Imrani | 1714 | 1715 | Timbuktu | ||
Ammar ibn Sa'ud Bokarna | 1715 | 1715 | Timbuktu | ||
Ba-Haddu al-Dar'i I | 1715 | 1715 | Timbuktu | ||
Abdallah al-'Imrani | r. 1715 | 1715 | Timbuktu | ||
Ba-Haddu al-Dar'i I | r. 1715 | 1715 | Timbuktu | ||
Muhammad al-Tazarkini II | 1715 | 1715 | Timbuktu | ||
Ali al-Dar'i IV | r. 1715 | 1716 | Timbuktu | ||
Abdallah al-'Imrani | rr. 1716 | 1716 | Timbuktu | ||
al-Mansur al-Za'ari Sanibar | rrr. 1716 | 1719 | Timbuktu | ||
Ba-Haddu al-Dar'i I | rr. 1719 | 1721 | Timbuktu | ||
Abd al-Ghaffar al-Tazarkani | 1721 | 1722 | Timbuktu | ||
Abdallah al-'Imrani | rrr. 1722 | 1726 | Timbuktu | ||
Mahmud Buya | 1726 | 1726 | Timbuktu | ||
Abd al-Rahman al-Tazarkani | 1726 | 1727 | Timbuktu | ||
Abdallah al-'Imrani | rrrr. 1727 | 1727 | Timbuktu | ||
Ba-Haddu al-Dar'i I | rrr. 1727 | 1729 | Timbuktu | ||
Yusuf al-Dar'i | rr. 1729 | 1730 | Timbuktu | ||
Abdallah al-'Imrani | rrrrr. 1730 | 1732 | Timbuktu | ||
Muhammad Bohhu al-Za'ari | 1732 | 1733 | Timbuktu | ||
al-Hassani al-Tazarkani | 1733 | 1734 | Timbuktu | ||
Muhammad al-Tazarkini III | 1734 | 1735 | Timbuktu | ||
Sa'id al-Tazarkani | 1735 | 1736 | Timbuktu | ||
Hammadi al-Za'ari | 1736 | 1737 | Timbuktu | ||
Sa'id al-Tazarkani | r. 1737 | 1738 | Timbuktu | ||
Hammadi al-Za'ari | r. 1738 | 1738 | Timbuktu | ||
Muhammad al-Tazarkini III | r. 1738 | 1738 | Timbuktu | ||
al-Fa' Ibrahim al-Dar'i | 1738 | 1739 | Timbuktu | ||
Hammadi al-Dar'i | 1739 | 1739 | Timbuktu | ||
al-Fa' Ibrahim al-Tazarkani | 1739 | 1739 | Timbuktu | ||
Sa'id al-Za'ari | 1739 | 1740 | Timbuktu | ||
Yahya al-Tazarkani | 1740 | 1741 | Timbuktu | ||
Baba-Sayyid Zenko | 1741 | 1742 | Timbuktu | ||
al-Hassan al-'Amri | 1742 | 1742 | Timbuktu | ||
Sa'id al-Za'ari | r. 1742 | 1743 | Timbuktu | ||
Sa'id al-Tazarkani | r. 1743 | 1744 | Timbuktu | ||
Sa'id al-Za'ari | rr. 1744 | 1746 | Timbuktu | ||
Baba-Sayyid Zenko | r. 1746 | 1747 | Timbuktu | ||
al-Fa' Mahmud al-Shatuki | 1747 | 1748 | Timbuktu | ||
Abd al-Ghaffar ibn Usama al-Tazarkani | 1748 | 1748 | Timbuktu | ||
Ba-Bakr al-Dar'i | 1748 | 1748 | Timbuktu | ||
Sa'id al-Tazarkani | rr. 1748 | ? | Timbuktu | ||
Ali al-Dar'i V | ? | ? | Timbuktu | ||
Ali Bokarna | ? | ? | Timbuktu | ||
Ba-Haddu al-Dar'i II | ? | ? | Timbuktu | ||
Baba-'Ali al-Tazarkini | ? | 1787 | Timbuktu | ||
To the Tuareg | 1787 | 1813 | Timbuktu | ||
To Macina | 1813 | 1814 | Timbuktu | ||
To the Tuareg | 1814 | 1826 | Timbuktu | ||
To Macina | 1826 | 1844 | Timbuktu | ||
al-Bakka'i | 1844 | 1854< | Kunta Dynasty | Timbuktu | |
To the Tuareg | 1854< | 1862 | Timbuktu | ||
To Tukolor Empire | 1862 | 1893 | Timbuktu | ||
To France | 1893 | 1960 | Timbuktu | ||
To Mali | 1960 | Present | Timbuktu |
Footnotes |
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