Timbuktu

Once a byword for the most distant place imaginable, it is today a dusty market town in central Mali, just north of the Niger River, nowadays within the desert, although formerly it was the terminus to trans-Sahel trade routes at the edge of the wastes.

Ruler Name	Start Year	End Year	Notes	Dynasty	Kingdom
To Mali	c. 1275	c. 1330			Timbuktu
To Mossi Empire	c. 1330	c. 1340			Timbuktu
To Mali	c. 1340	1433			Timbuktu
To the Tuareg	1433	1468			Timbuktu
To Songhai	1468	1589			Timbuktu
To Morocco	1589	1670			Timbuktu
Judar	1589	1591			Timbuktu
Mahmud	1591	1595			Timbuktu
al-Mansur	1595	1598			Timbuktu
Mahmud Taba'	1598	1599			Timbuktu
Ammar al-Fita	1599	1600			Timbuktu
Sulaiman	1600	1604			Timbuktu
Mahmud Longo	1604	1612			Timbuktu
Ali	1612	1617			Timbuktu
Ahmad al-'Ilji	1617	1617			Timbuktu
Haddu al-Ajnasi	1617	1618			Timbuktu
Mohammed al-Massi	1618	1622			Timbuktu
Yusuf al-Qasri	1622	1627			Timbuktu
Ibrahim al-Jarrari	1627	1628			Timbuktu
Ali al-Qadir	1628	1632			Timbuktu
Ali al-Massi	1632	1632			Timbuktu
Sa'ud 'Ajrud al-Sharqi	1632	1634			Timbuktu
Abd al-Rahman	1634	1635			Timbuktu
Sa'id al-Mahmudi	1635	1637			Timbuktu
Mas'ud al-Za'ari	1637	1643			Timbuktu
Mohammed	1643	1647			Timbuktu
Ahmad al-Tilimsani	1647	1648			Timbuktu
Hamid al-Haiyuni	1648	1648			Timbuktu
Yahya al-Gharnati	1648	1651			Timbuktu
Hammadi al-Ajnasi	1651	1654			Timbuktu
Muhammad ibn Musa	1654	1655			Timbuktu
Muhammad al-Shiadami	1655	1657			Timbuktu
Muhammad al-Shatuki Qa'id Buya	1657	1660			Timbuktu
Allal al-Harusi	1660	1660	1 day.		Timbuktu
al-Haj al-Mukhtar	1660	1661			Timbuktu
Hammu al-'Ilji	1661	1661			Timbuktu
Ali al-Faraji	1661	1662			Timbuktu
Ali al-Tazarkini	1662	1663			Timbuktu
Ammar 'Ajrud al-Sharqi	1663	1666			Timbuktu
Muhammad al-Shatuki Qa'id Buya	r. 1666	1667			Timbuktu
Nasir al-A'mashi al-Dar'i	1667	1667			Timbuktu
Abd al-Rahman al-Andalusi	1667	1668			Timbuktu
Nasir al-Tilimsani	1668	1670			Timbuktu
To Ségou	1670	1787			Timbuktu
Mohammed al-Kuihil al-Sharqi	1670	1672			Timbuktu
Mohammed al-Mubarak al-Dar'i	1672	1673			Timbuktu
Ali al-Dar'i I	1673	1676			Timbuktu
Sa'id al-Fasi	1676	1679			Timbuktu
Abdallah al-Dar'i	1679	1680			Timbuktu
Dhu'l-Nun al-Mukhtar al-Sharqi	1680	1681			Timbuktu
Mohammed al-'Ilji	1681	1681			Timbuktu
Yahya al-Mubarak al-Dar'i	1681	1682			Timbuktu
Dhu'l-Nun al-Mukhtar al-Sharqi	r. 1682	1682			Timbuktu
Mohammed al-Mubarak al-Dar'i	r. 1682	1682			Timbuktu
Ba-Haddu Salim al-Hassani	1682	1682			Timbuktu
al-Fa' Benkano al-Sharqi al-Mudasani	1682	1682	3 days.		Timbuktu
Zenka 'Abd al-Rahman al-Fasi	1682	1684			Timbuktu
Mohammed al-'Ilji	r. 1684	1684			Timbuktu
Ali al-'Amri	1684	1685			Timbuktu
al-Mubarak al-Za'ari	1685	1686			Timbuktu
Sa'ud Bokarna	1686	1686			Timbuktu
al-Hassan al-Munabbih	1686	1687			Timbuktu
al-'Abbas al-'Amri	1688	1688			Timbuktu
al-Mansur al-Za'ari Sanibar	1688	1689			Timbuktu
Ahmad al-Tazarkini	1689	1690			Timbuktu
Sa'ud Bokarna	r. 1690	1691			Timbuktu
Sanibar Buya	1691	1691			Timbuktu
Ibrahim al-Dar'i	1691	1693			Timbuktu
Baba Sayyid Hammadi al-Sharqi	1693	1693			Timbuktu
al-Mubarak al-Za'ari	r. 1693	1694			Timbuktu
Ibrahim al-Dar'i	r. 1694	1694			Timbuktu
Dhu'l-Nun al-Mukhtar al-Sharqi	rr. 1694	1694			Timbuktu
Ahmad al-Khalifa al-Tilimsani	1694	1695			Timbuktu
Sanibar Buya	r. 1695	1696			Timbuktu
Abdallah al-A'mashi al-Dar'i	1696	1696			Timbuktu
Hammadi al-Tazarkini	1696	1697			Timbuktu
al-Mubarak al-Dar'i	1697	1697			Timbuktu
Mohammed al-Sharqi al-Sana'uni	1697	1697	1 day.		Timbuktu
Ali al-Dar'i II	1697	1698			Timbuktu
Yahya al-Fishtani	1698	1698			Timbuktu
Abdallah al-Tilimsani	1698	1698			Timbuktu
al-Mansur al-Za'ari Sanibar	r. 1698	1700			Timbuktu
Hammadi al-Tazarkini	r. 1700	1701			Timbuktu
Abdallah al-Tilimsani	r. 1701	1701			Timbuktu
Yusuf al-Dar'i	1701	1702			Timbuktu
Mohammed al-Fasi	1702	1703			Timbuktu
Ahmad al-Sharqi	1703	1703			Timbuktu
Ali al-Dar'i III	1703	1703			Timbuktu
Santa'a al-Fasi	1703	1704			Timbuktu
Mami al-Tazarkini	1704	1704			Timbuktu
Mohammed ibn Sa'id	1704	1705			Timbuktu
Yahya Fishtani	r. 1705	1705			Timbuktu
Abdallah al-Tilimsani	rr. 1705	1705			Timbuktu
Sa'id al-Khabbazi	1705	1705			Timbuktu
Mami al-Tazarkini	r. 1705	1707			Timbuktu
al-Mubarak al-Gharnati	1707	1707			Timbuktu
Nasir al-A'mashi al-Dar'i	r. 1707	1708			Timbuktu
Abdallah al-Tilimsani	rrr. 1708	1708			Timbuktu
Ali al-Munabbih	1708	1709			Timbuktu
Mohammed al-Tazarkani I	1709	1709			Timbuktu
Hammadi Zenko	1709	1710			Timbuktu
Yahya Fishtani	rr. 1710	1710			Timbuktu
Yahya al-Dar'i	1710	1711			Timbuktu
Ba-Bakr ibn Mohammed Sayyidi	1711	1712			Timbuktu
Abd al-Qadir al-Tazarkani	1712	1713			Timbuktu
Abdallah al-Tilimsani	rrrr. 1713	1713			Timbuktu
Ali al-Dar'i IV	1713	1713			Timbuktu
al-Mansur al-Za'ari Sanibar	rr. 1713	1714			Timbuktu
Mami al-Tazarkini	rr. 1714	1714			Timbuktu
Ali al-Munabbih	r. 1714	1714			Timbuktu
Abdallah al-'Imrani	1714	1715			Timbuktu
Ammar ibn Sa'ud Bokarna	1715	1715			Timbuktu
Ba-Haddu al-Dar'i I	1715	1715			Timbuktu
Abdallah al-'Imrani	r. 1715	1715			Timbuktu
Ba-Haddu al-Dar'i I	r. 1715	1715			Timbuktu
Muhammad al-Tazarkini II	1715	1715			Timbuktu
Ali al-Dar'i IV	r. 1715	1716			Timbuktu
Abdallah al-'Imrani	rr. 1716	1716			Timbuktu
al-Mansur al-Za'ari Sanibar	rrr. 1716	1719			Timbuktu
Ba-Haddu al-Dar'i I	rr. 1719	1721			Timbuktu
Abd al-Ghaffar al-Tazarkani	1721	1722			Timbuktu
Abdallah al-'Imrani	rrr. 1722	1726			Timbuktu
Mahmud Buya	1726	1726			Timbuktu
Abd al-Rahman al-Tazarkani	1726	1727			Timbuktu
Abdallah al-'Imrani	rrrr. 1727	1727			Timbuktu
Ba-Haddu al-Dar'i I	rrr. 1727	1729			Timbuktu
Yusuf al-Dar'i	rr. 1729	1730			Timbuktu
Abdallah al-'Imrani	rrrrr. 1730	1732			Timbuktu
Muhammad Bohhu al-Za'ari	1732	1733			Timbuktu
al-Hassani al-Tazarkani	1733	1734			Timbuktu
Muhammad al-Tazarkini III	1734	1735			Timbuktu
Sa'id al-Tazarkani	1735	1736			Timbuktu
Hammadi al-Za'ari	1736	1737			Timbuktu
Sa'id al-Tazarkani	r. 1737	1738			Timbuktu
Hammadi al-Za'ari	r. 1738	1738			Timbuktu
Muhammad al-Tazarkini III	r. 1738	1738			Timbuktu
al-Fa' Ibrahim al-Dar'i	1738	1739			Timbuktu
Hammadi al-Dar'i	1739	1739			Timbuktu
al-Fa' Ibrahim al-Tazarkani	1739	1739			Timbuktu
Sa'id al-Za'ari	1739	1740			Timbuktu
Yahya al-Tazarkani	1740	1741			Timbuktu
Baba-Sayyid Zenko	1741	1742			Timbuktu
al-Hassan al-'Amri	1742	1742			Timbuktu
Sa'id al-Za'ari	r. 1742	1743			Timbuktu
Sa'id al-Tazarkani	r. 1743	1744			Timbuktu
Sa'id al-Za'ari	rr. 1744	1746			Timbuktu
Baba-Sayyid Zenko	r. 1746	1747			Timbuktu
al-Fa' Mahmud al-Shatuki	1747	1748			Timbuktu
Abd al-Ghaffar ibn Usama al-Tazarkani	1748	1748			Timbuktu
Ba-Bakr al-Dar'i	1748	1748			Timbuktu
Sa'id al-Tazarkani	rr. 1748	?			Timbuktu
Ali al-Dar'i V	?	?			Timbuktu
Ali Bokarna	?	?			Timbuktu
Ba-Haddu al-Dar'i II	?	?			Timbuktu
Baba-'Ali al-Tazarkini	?	1787			Timbuktu
To the Tuareg	1787	1813			Timbuktu
To Macina	1813	1814			Timbuktu
To the Tuareg	1814	1826			Timbuktu
To Macina	1826	1844			Timbuktu
al-Bakka'i	1844	1854<		Kunta Dynasty	Timbuktu
To the Tuareg	1854<	1862			Timbuktu
To Tukolor Empire	1862	1893			Timbuktu
To France	1893	1960			Timbuktu
To Mali	1960	Present			Timbuktu

Footnotes