1. One of the most active of Victorian adventurers and scholars, the explorer and Orientalist Richard Burton is perhaps best remembered today as the discoverer of Lake Tanganyika, and the translator of the first unexpurgated Western version of the ancient collection of Arabian folk-tales, The Thousand Nights and a Night. He, in essence, created single-handedly the modern discipline of Ethnology as a legitimate science, and his writings of his travels - from his description of Sindh, to the account of slipping into the forbidden city of Mecca in disguise, to his account of the early Mormons in Utah - are still classics of of their type.