Lower Egypt

The "Black Land" (from the nature of the alluvial soil around the Nile, and in the Delta), comprising Mediterranean Egypt, the Delta, and the northern Nile.

Ruler Name	Personal Name	Start Year	End Year	Notes	Dynasty	Period
---pu	---	?	?	Only known from the Palermo stone.		Predynastic
Hsekiu/Seka	---	?	?	Only known from the Palermo stone.		Predynastic
Khayu	---	?	?	Only known from the Palermo stone.		Predynastic
Tiu/Teyew	---	?	?	Only known from the Palermo stone.		Predynastic
Thesh/Tjesh	---	?	?	Only known from the Palermo stone.		Predynastic
Neheb	---	?	?	Only known from the Palermo stone.		Predynastic
Wazner	---	c. 3200 BCE	?	Only known from the Palermo stone.		Predynastic
Mekh	---	?	?	Only known from the Palermo stone.		Predynastic
---a	---	?	?	Only known from the Palermo stone.		Predynastic
Hedju Hor	---	?	?	Known from 2 clay jubs in Tura.		Naqada II
Ny-Hor	---	?	?	Known from clay and stone vessels found in tombs near Tarchan, Tura, Tarjan, and Nagada. It's possibly a crude attempt at writing Narmer.		Naqada II
Ni-Neith	---	?	?	Only known from inscriptions in Helwan.		Naqada III
Hat-Hor	---	c. 3180 BCE	?	Also thought to be a crude attempt at writing Narmer.		Naqada III
[Double Falcon]	---	c. 3100 BCE	?	May have also ruled Upper Egypt.		Naqada III
Wash	---	c. 3150 BCE	?	Only known frmo the Narmer Palette.		Naqada III
To Unified Egypt		c. 3150 BCE	c. 2130 BCE
Meryhathor	---	c. 2130 BCE	?		10th Dynasty	First Intermediate
Neferkare VIII	---	c. 2130 BCE	c. 2040 BCE		10th Dynasty	First Intermediate
Wahkare	Khety III/Acthoes III	?	?		10th Dynasty	First Intermediate
Merykare	---	?	2040 BCE		10th Dynasty	First Intermediate
Unknown	---	?	?	Name lost.	10th Dynasty	First Intermediate
To Unified Egypt		2040 BCE	c. 1650 BCE
To Hyksos		c. 1650 BCE	1535 BCE
Salitis	---	c. 1650 BCE	?	Founded the 15th Dynasty	15th Dynasty	Second Intermediate
---	Semqen	1649 BCE	?		15th Dynasty	Second Intermediate
---	'Aper-'Anat	?	?		15th Dynasty	Second Intermediate
---	Sakir-Har	?	?		15th Dynasty	Second Intermediate
Seuserenre	Khyan	?	?		15th Dynasty	Second Intermediate
Nebkhepeshre/Aqenenre/Auserre	Apepi	c. 1590 BCE	?		15th Dynasty	Second Intermediate
Nakhtyre/Hotepibre	Khamudi	1555 BCE	1544 BCE		15th Dynasty	Second Intermediate
To Unified Egypt		c. 1550 BCE	1077 BCE
To Tanis		1077 BCE	943 BCE	Technically rulers of all Egypt, but functionally only rulers of Lower Egypt.	21st Dynasty	Third Intermediate
Hedjkheperre Setpenre	Nesbanebdjed I/Smendes I	1077 BCE	1051 BCE		21st Dynasty	Third Intermediate
Neferkare	Amenemnisu	1051 BCE	1047 BCE		21st Dynasty	Third Intermediate
Aakheperre	Pasebakhenniut I/Psusennes I	1047 BCE	1001 BCE		21st Dynasty	Third Intermediate
Usermaatre	Amenemope	1001 BCE	992 BCE		21st Dynasty	Third Intermediate
Aakheperre Setepenre	Osorkon the Elder	992 BCE	986 BCE		21st Dynasty	Third Intermediate
Netjerikheperre-Setpenamun	Siamun	986 BCE	967 BCE		21st Dynasty	Third Intermediate
Titkheperure	Pasebakhenniut II/Psusennes II	967 BCE	943 BCE		21st Dynasty	Third Intermediate
To Unified Egypt		943 BCE	732 BCE			Third Intermediate
To Sais		732 BCE	720 BCE		24th Dynasty	Third Intermediate
Shepsesre	Tefnakhte	732 BCE	725 BCE		24th Dynasty	Third Intermediate
Wahkare	Bakenrenef/Bocchoris	725 BCE	720 BCE		24th Dynasty	Third Intermediate
To Nubia		720 BCE	656 BCE	25th Dynasty of Egypt, the "black pharaohs", ruled from Kush.
To Unified Egypt		656 BCE	Present